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NRIL$ NRI NR&NILNILNIAN GON N NO<N GON N NO NRINILNILNIjN RONGON N NO_P̆ .b`hQ . ldf'$N08] ]Vqdf'$N089)UD .a8:Dǟ,'apij* .]V:3k œ@'Fma89D*UȜiV:X]8.$N`(F]a NdWk!hACQ Mt8Rl!c.C&Ld7k!c.Q "(E.lu[dͬ'NJ]['@}W"q[dU`8.&du,I9l!_I tUXB D(d0pB]lMt6oB]a D+Y -b?dot_visiblestop_parentmain_txt Frequency and Period The period of an oscillation is the length of time it takes to complete a full cycle (back and forth or up and down). If a child bouncing on a trampoline strikes the trampoline every four seconds, then the period of the oscillation is four seconds (up and down). Using this pendulum, click and drag the "bob" on the end of the string so that the period is 5 seconds. Now click and drag the "bob" on the end of the string so that the period is 9 seconds. What seems to change the period of the pendulum?O RO frequency!jdot"this_namedotremoveMovieClip"H!"G#5NI R&&ʁpendulum' (5¡ )` *Z` +x` ,GB@     ? perkid periodO _parentmain_txt Let's think back to the child bouncing on the trampoline. Make the child land on the trampoline every 5 seconds. Then 4 seconds, then 3 seconds, then 2 seconds, then 1 second (and see the child go into hyper-drive). It is common to express the time it takes for a cycle in terms of frequency instead of period. Frequency is how often a vibration occurs, or the number of cycles completed per unit of time. For example, the frequency of a vibrating pendulum is the number of complete back and forth motions that occur in one second. If one cycle occurs in one second, the frequency is one cycle per second. If two cycles occur in one second, the frequency is two cycles persecond. So if the child jumping on the trampoline goes up and down (1 cycle) in 5 seconds, then what is its frequency? Click the right arrow to see if you were right. O-/?—`0}~`1"`2B`39@ ~r95-IǎAl} 6-IǎAl 7y =z>kidEinitxinityperiod " "P inityperiodMathsinlarm_rotationrarmparseInt_parenttrampgotoAndStop     !@-DT4   R G# "   O"   GO "HI" @.n =  N R   N R$ B ǐtramp@  ?B perfre?kid periodO _parentmain_txt Did you have the right answer? Now figure out the frequency if the kid lands once every 4 seconds, 3 second, 2 seconds, and every second. Check your answers by changing the time to the left and seeing whether you were right. A vibration is also called a cycle. Hertz is the unit that describes cycle/time, so frequency should be reported in Hertz(Hz). Hertz is one cycle per second. Heinrich Hertz demonstrated radio waves in 1886, and this unit is named after him. High frequencies are measured in kilohertz (kHz - thousands of hertz) or megahertz (MHz - millions of Hertz) or gigahertz (GHz - billions of hertz). AM radio is broadcast in kHz, FM radio is broadcast in MHz, and radar and microwave ovens function in the GHz range. Locations on your radio dial indicate how many vibrations per second your favorite radio station operates at. A station at 690 kHz on the AM radio dial will broadcast radio waves that have a frequency of 690,000 vibrations per second. A station broadcasting at 105 MHz on the FM dial will broadcast waves with a frequency of 105,000,000 vibrations per second. These radio wave frequencies force electrons to vibrate in the antenna of a transmitting tower of a radio station. OCD9@ ~r9E-IǎAl}F-IǎAlG9@!_pH+"IA`JK`Krb`L`M|b`7y@  ? _parentmain_txtLet's review a little: 1. How many vibrations per second would an FM radio station at 98.7 MHz broadcast? 2. How many vibrations per second would an AM radio station at 1160 kHz broadcast?ONHO%ԀTs fill0a._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHu"IZ H0 GNRPTs fill1a._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHu"IZ H0 GNRPT9)fill2a._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHu"IZ H0 GNRP T9$fill4]._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHq"IVH0 GNRP T9Ӏfill5]._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHq"IVH0 GNRP T fill6]._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHq"IVH0 GNRPY ~@Z[NрT9܀fill3a._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHu"IZ H0 GNRPTLfill7]._parent_xmouse_ymousexfillgotoAndStopN " @GHL* " @ NHL&N" @GHL&" @ NHq"IVH0 GNRP@? _parentmain_txtThose questions might be a little difficult (all those zeros), but frequency is usually easier to figure out. If the frequency of a vibrating object is known, its period can be calculated. Imagine a pendulum that makes three vibrations each second. The frequency is 3 Hz. The time needed to complete one vibration is 1/3 of a second. If the vibration is 4 Hz, then the period is 1/4 of a second. Here are a couple more questions to answer: 1. What happens to the frequency in Hz when the period in seconds decreases? 2. What happens to the frequency in Hz when the period in seconds increases? 3. What type of relationship exists between frequency and period of time? 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